低泡水基金属清洗剂的研制

采用阴离子表面活性剂M-10、三乙醇胺油酸皂与非离子表面活性剂6501、GT-12、S-86等复配,添加具有协同作用的其它助剂,制备了一种新的适合于高压喷淋清洗的水基金属清洗剂。利用微可视化仪器对复配的表面活性剂混合溶液微粒变化进行了观察,显示出复配溶液在较高浊点时体系稳定。最终配方在45号碳钢、LY12硬铝金属试片上的实验结果表明：该配方的清洗率、泡沫、防腐防锈等各项性能指标均优于对照的市售产品,是一种环保型的低泡高效水基金属清洗剂。     

抗紫外线硅丙乳液的合成及其在外墙仿砖涂料中的应用

添加2-羟基-4-丙烯氧基二苯甲酮到硅丙乳液,制得抗紫外线硅丙乳液。考察了乳液的防晒指数(SPF值)和2-羟基-4-丙烯氧基二苯甲酮用量的关系。通过耐水性考察,确定了2-羟基-4-丙烯氧基二苯甲酮的最佳用量。实验结果表明:硅丙乳液的抗紫外线能力随着2-羟基-4-丙烯氧基二苯甲酮用量的增加而增强,2-羟基-4-丙烯氧基二苯甲酮的最佳用量为3%。用制备的抗紫外线硅丙乳液配制外墙仿砖涂料,根据JG/T 24—2000《合成树脂乳液砂壁状建筑涂料》标准检测所配制外墙仿砖涂料的相关性能,检测结果表明:制得的外墙仿砖涂料性能优良。     

高性能硅丙乳液的合成工艺探究

通过细乳液法种子乳液聚合合成高性能硅丙乳液。探讨了软硬单体的比值、有机硅的选择及用量、阴非离子乳化剂的最佳比、最佳反应温度、最佳引发剂的量,制备出一种耐水性好、耐沾污能力强、稳定性好、粒径小且分布密集的高性能硅丙乳液.     

Luminance behaviour of PLEDs with integration of nanomaterials

Incorporation of nanomaterials in device structure is the key to enhance performance of polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs). The major challenges that impede competence of PLEDs, for application in display technology, are (i) non-availability of stable low work function metals to act as cathode, (ii) presence of charge trapping centers in the polymer chains and (iii) total internal reflection of light at ITO/glass and glass/air interfaces. The foremost problem leads to increase in turn ON voltage of the device and reduction in electron injection from cathode. Low injection and high trapping probability of electrons lead to charge imbalance in the emissive layer and shifting of recombination zone towards cathode. This immensely constrains the formation and radiative decay of excitons in the emissive layer and declines the luminosity of the device. In this review, experimental studies on the integration of nanomaterials in PLED structures to enhance device luminance are presented. The diverse impact of their geometric features, ionization potential, electrical conductivity and refractive index on the carrier transport and light extraction in PLEDs is discussed and a perspective on this evolving research path is provided.     

Cyclic voltammetric response of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide on a polycrystalline gold electrode

The oxidation of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide on a polycrystalline gold electrode occurred at almost same potentials but their reduction did at different peak potentials. The redox reaction mechanisms of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were rationalized by the formation/disappearance of the new nitrogen-oxygen bonds in the pyridine rings by means of cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. The anodic currents of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were controlled by diffusion, while the cathodic ones by adsorption. The difference in the cathodic peak potentials of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide on the polycrystalline gold electrode is attributed to the effect of the electron densities of remote substituents on the pyridine rings. The cathodic peak currents at about 0.20 V were linear with their concentrations in the range of 2.4 mM to 2.7 μM and 2.4 mM to 3.3 μM with detection limits of 0.27 and 0.33 μM for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, respectively. Voltammetry was then adopted for the selective monitoring the content of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in pharmaceuticals.     

HPAA 对 Q235 钢在碱性溶液中的缓蚀性能

目的运用响应面分析法考察缓蚀剂2-羟基膦乙酸(HPAA)的缓蚀效果。方法通过单因素灵敏度分析法考察p H值、HPAA质量浓度、温度对Q235钢腐蚀的影响,确定取值范围。基于响应面优化分析法(RSM),根据单因素实验结果,采用中心组合设计原则(CCD)对质量浓度、温度、p H值进行优化实验设计。以HPAA的缓蚀率为响应值,采用RSM对响应数值进行方程回归,对得到的二次关联模型进行优化,并将优化的参数条件应用于复配缓蚀剂进行SEM和EIS分析。结果质量浓度、温度、p H值的优化取值范围分别为20~26 mg/L,45~55℃和8~10。RSM优化后参数为:质量浓度23 mg/L,温度50℃,p H=9.0,HPAA的缓蚀率最优为68.68%。实验获得的缓蚀率为68.78%,与预测值偏差为0.15%。将优化的参数应用于缓蚀剂的复配,ρ(HPAA)∶ρ(Na2MOO4)∶ρ(Na2B4O7)=0.5∶0.3∶0.5时,复配的缓蚀剂用量最少且缓蚀率最高可达到93.75%。此复配缓蚀剂在SEM图中光亮无腐蚀,并且在EIS谱中表现出纯电容性,阻抗最大、缓蚀率最高。结论响应面法和SEM,EIS结合运用在HPAA的缓蚀性能研究中是可行、准确、可靠的。     

乙炔氢氯化反应贵金属无汞催化剂研究进展

概述近年来国内外乙炔氢氯化反应贵金属无汞催化剂的研究进展,主要探讨了催化剂的活性组分、载体及其对催化活性的影响,简要介绍催化剂失活原因与再生手段。多种贵金属的协同催化、载体处理方法的多样化、制备过程的条件优化是贵金属无汞催化剂未来的发展方向。     

增甘膦及复配液缓蚀性能研究

目的合成增甘膦,研究增甘膦及其复配液缓蚀性能。方法以亚磷酸、甲醛、甘氨酸为原料,在酸性条件下,合成增甘膦。通过塔菲尔曲线法和电化学阻抗谱,测试酸性条件下LY12硬铝在增甘膦溶液中的缓蚀性能,并与同类有机膦系缓蚀剂氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP)进行比较。同时,在碱性条件下,测试LY12硬铝在增甘膦复配液中的缓蚀性能。结果当p H=1,增甘膦缓蚀液质量分数为0.5%时,缓蚀率可达90%。在相同酸性条件及缓蚀剂含量下,增甘膦缓蚀效果较ATMP好。在碱性条件下,增甘膦单独使用缓蚀效果不佳,与三乙醇胺复配后缓蚀效果较好。当增甘膦与三乙醇胺复配含量为0.5%(质量分数)三乙醇胺+0.4%(质量分数)增甘膦时,LY12硬铝在p H=8.7体系中的缓蚀率为65.5%。结论增甘膦单独使用,在酸性条件下有很好的缓蚀效果;与三乙醇胺复配后,在碱性条件下也有较好的缓蚀效果。